Optimal Fleet Deployment Strategy: Model the Effect of Shared E-Bikes on Bike-Sharing System

Following the bike-sharing system, the shared e-bike becomes increasingly popular due to the advantage in speed, trip distance, and so forth. However, limited research has investigated the impact of the introduction of shared e-bikes on the existing bike-sharing systems. This paper aims to study the effect of shared e-bikes on the traditional bike-sharing system and determine the optimal fleet deployment strategy under a bimodal transportation system. A stochastic multiperiod optimisation model is formulated to capture the demand uncertainty of travelers. The branch-and-bound algorithm is applied to solve problem. A 15-station numerical example is applied to examine the validity of the model and the effectiveness of the solution algorithm. The performance of integrated e-bike and bike-sharing system has been compared with the traditional bike-sharing system. The impacts of the charging efficiency, fleet size, and pricing strategy of e-bike-sharing system on the traditional bike-sharing system have been examined.