Karen V. Noyce, David L. Garshelis, Body Size and Blood Characteristics as Indicators of Condition and Reproductive Performance in Black Bears, Bears: Their Biology and Management, Vol. 9, Part 1: A Selection of Papers from the Ninth International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Missoula, Montana, February 23-28, 1992 (1994), pp. 481-496
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Karen V. Noyce (1994) studied this question.
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