A Dual-Channel Buffer-Free Point-of-Care Electrochemical Biosensor for Concurrent Detection of Yellow Fever NS 1 Antigen and Antibody Proteins in Human Serum Samples

In this study, the simultaneous determination of yellow fever antigen and antibody non-structural proteins in human serum samples was accomplished using a dual-channel electrochemical system constructed by adapting a cysteamine- and terephthalaldehyde-based modified electrode. The developed platform was thoroughly characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The point-of-care dual-channel sensor was capable of detecting yellow fever antigen and antibody proteins down to 0.01 pg.ml −1 , and provided linear responses in the concentration ranges of 0.01 pg.ml −1 –10 ng.ml −1 and 0.01 pg.ml −1 –1 ng.ml −1 for the antigen and antibody proteins, respectively. The selectivity of the sensor was evaluated in the presence of common biological interferents, demonstrating selective responses for both protein classes. Finally, the accuracy of the platform was validated using human serum samples, yielding statistically meaningful results.