Key result
Rapid push-pull Gz transition triggers fatal G-LOC in under 5 seconds during F-16 flight.
Why the study?
The adverse effects of transitioning from prolonged negative Gz to sustained positive Gz flight, known as the push-pull effect, on G-LOC risk are less appreciated.
Case Report (n=1)
The push-pull effect (rapid transition from negative to positive Gz) can cause fatal G-LOC, highlighting the need for continued emphasis in physiological and aerobatics training.
Prompts review of G-LOC prevention in high-G aircraft; extends sparse case data but leaves open systematic validation.
BACKGROUND: The risks associated with high positive G z (+G z ) aerobatic flight, especially with respect to +G z -induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC), are well known. Less appreciated is the effect of negative G z (−G z ) flight on subsequent +G z maneuvers, known as the “push-pull effect.” This is an example involving the loss of an F-16 and pilot that was caused by the push-pull effect. CASE REPORT: The mishap pilot (MP) was killed during a training flight when his F-16 crashed without an ejection attempt. The MP, while transitioning from prolonged −G z flight to sustained +G z flight, maneuvered the mishap aircraft (MA) from −2.06 G z to +8.56 G z in less than 5 s. At this point, there were only minimal control inputs for 5 s, indicating the MP experienced transient incapacitation, most likely due to G-LOC or almost loss of consciousness (A-LOC). The MP’s subsequent recovery attempt was interrupted by ground impact. The Accident Investigation Board (AIB) concluded the MP experienced G-LOC due to the push-pull effect. DISCUSSION: Since this is not the first time the push-pull effect has resulted in G-LOC mishaps, the adverse effects of such maneuvers should continue to be emphasized during military physiological training, as well as during general aviation (GA) aerobatics training. Furthermore, A-LOC, instead of being considered a discrete phenomenon, may need to be included in a broader G-LOC definition that encompasses the entire continuum of G-LOC and A-LOC. Metzler MM. G-LOC due to the push-pull effect in a fatal F-16 mishap . Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(1):51–55.
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Mari M. Metzler (2019) conducted a case report in G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) (n=1). Push-pull effect (transitioning from prolonged -Gz to sustained +Gz flight) was evaluated on G-LOC and fatal crash. The push-pull effect, transitioning from -2.06 Gz to +8.56 Gz in under 5 seconds, caused G-LOC and transient incapacitation resulting in a fatal F-16 crash.
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