The origin of ferromagnetism in Co-doped (La,Sr)TiO3 epitaxial thin films is discussed. While the as-grown samples are not ferromagnetic at room temperature or at 10 K, ferromagnetism at room temperature appears after annealing the films in reducing conditions and disappears after annealing in oxidizing conditions. Magnetic measurements, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy experiments indicate that within the resolution of the instruments the activation of the ferromagnetism is not due to the presence of pure Co.
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Fix et al. (2009) studied this question.
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