Laboratory investigation demonstrates high-yield conversion of glucose to levulinic acid using an embedded MOF-5 catalyst, highlighting synergistic acid catalysis in deep eutectic solvents.
The development of efficient catalytic systems is critical for increasing the production of high-value chemicals from low-cost glucose. Here, MOF-5 was evaluated as a promising support for the synthesis of a heterogeneous catalyst with both Brønsted acid and Lewis acid sites via simple phosphotungstic heteropoly acid (HPA) embedding. In green deep eutectic solvent (DES) media, the MOF-5-supported HPA catalyst demonstrated high catalytic activity for the production of levulinic acid (LA) from glucose. The highest LA yield of 56.7 mol % was achieved at 130 °C for 3 h. The reaction efficiency of the entire reaction chain (glucose → fructose → 5-hydroxymethylfurfural → LA) was increased by adjusting the ratio of Brønsted acid sites to Lewis acid sites. Synergies between Brønsted acid, Lewis acid, and DESs are also considered to influence the reaction.
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Lv et al. (2022) studied this question.
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