Interaction between low-level jets and wind farms in a stable atmospheric boundary layer

Low-level jets (LLJs) are the wind maxima frequently observed in a stably stratified atmosphere, and they possess a high wind energy potential. Large-eddy simulations show that in a wind farm, the power production of the first row increases with a decrease in LLJ height; however, downwind of the first row, power production is reduced as a result of the limited wake recovery and turbulent entrainment. In the presence of an LLJ, wind veer due to the Coriolis forces causes an asymmetry in the wind availability for different turbine columns.