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Edmund D. Brodie, Jr., John L. Hensel, Jr., Judith A. Johnson, Toxicity of the Urodele Amphibians Taricha, Notophthalmus, Cynops and Paramesotriton (Salamandridae), Copeia, Vol. 1974, No. 2 (Jun. 13, 1974), pp. 506-511
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Brodie et al. (1974) studied this question.
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