Clinical and radiographic peri-implant parameters in type-2 diabetic and non-diabetic individuals with major depressive disorder

The aim was to assess the clinical and radiographic peri-implant status among type-2 diabetic and non-diabetic individuals with major depressive disorders (MDD). Participants were divided into four groups; Group-1: patients with type-2 diabetes; Group-2: patients with MDD; Group-3: patients with type-2 diabetes and MDD; Group-4: healthy controls. Demographic data was collected, and medical history including most recent hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were retrieved from healthcare records. Peri-implant modified plaque and gingival indices (MPI and mGI) and peri-implant probing depth (PPD) were recorded; and crestal bone loss (CBL) was measured. Sample-size was estimated using data from a pilot investigation. Statistical analysis was performed using one way-analysis of variance and Bonferroni Post-hoc adjustment tests. P-vales below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Thirty, 30, 30 and 30 individuals were included in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4. Mean HbA1c levels were higher in groups 1, 2 and 3 compared with Group-4 (P < 0.05). Thirty-seven, 40, 43 and 36 implants were present in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. In groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, the implants were in function for a mean duration of 4.7 ± 2.4, 4.9 ± 1.8, 5.05 ± 1.7 and 10.6 ± 2.2 years, respectively. The mPI, mGI, PPD and CBL were significantly higher in groups 1, 2 and 3 than individuals in Group-4 (P < 0.05). There was significant correlation between peri-implant PD and HbA1c levels among individuals in Group-1 (P < 0.05). Peri-implant soft tissue and osseous statuses are compromised among patients with type-2 DM, and MDD regardless of whether these conditions occur individually or in combination. Clinical relevance: Peri-implant soft tissue and osseous statuses are compromised among patients with type-2 DM, and MDD regardless of whether these conditions occur individually or in combination.