Contents: I. The Exit from Communism 1. How Different Are Postcommunist Transitions: Ghia Nodia 2. Comparing East and South: Valerie Bunce 3. The Persistence of Postcommunist Elites: John Higley, Judith Kullberg, and Jan Pakulsk i4. Civil Society after Communism: Aleksander Smolar 5. Understanding Postcommunist Transitions: Leszek Balcerowicz 6. Estonia's Success Story: Mart Laar 7. The Postcommunist Wars: Charles H. Fairbanks, Jr. II. The East European Experience 8. The Postcommunist Divide: Jacques Rupnik 9. Europe Transformed: Richard Rose 10. Reassessing the Revolutions of 1989: Vladimir Tismaneanu 11. The Transformation of Central Europe: Bronislaw Gereme k12. Victory Defeated: G.M. Tamas 13. The International Context: Jacques Rupnik 14. A Diverging Europe: Richard Rose 15. History and Memory: The Revolutions of 1989-91: Aleksander Smolar III. The Post-Soviet Experience 16. One Step Forward, Two Steps Back: Michael McFaul 17. The Primacy of History and Culture: Zbigniew Brzezinski 18. The Impact of Nationalism: Ghia Nodia 19. From Democratization to Guided Democracy: Archie Brown 20. The Advantages of Radical Reform: Anders Aslund 21. Disillusionment in the Caucasus and Central Asia: Charles H. Fairbanks, Jr. 22. Sovereignty and Uncertainty in Ukraine: Nadia Diuk 23. Russia's Hybrid Regime: Lilia Shevtsova 24. Putin's Path: M. Steven Fish 25. Going Backwards: Grigory Yavlinsky 26. A Mixed Record, an Uncertain Future: Michael McFaul
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Harasymiw et al. (2003) studied this question.