Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic lung diseases that have long-standing inequalities in both their overall prevalence, and in the frequency and severity of their exacerbations [1], [2]. Overall mortality rates are higher in the most deprived decile, with chronic lower respiratory diseases are one of the biggest contributors to the deprivation gap [3]. These inequalities have been identified since as far back as 1950 [4], with little evidence so far that there has been a decline in their magnitude
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Costello et al. (2026) studied this question.
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