We report the development of an observational scale of children's behavioral responses to preparation for diagnostic bone marrow aspiration procedures, the Behavioral Approach – Avoidance and Distress Scale (BAADS). This scale measures the dimensional constructs of approach–avoidance and behavioral distress. Data obtained on 43 pediatric cancer patients indicated moderate to high internal consistency. Significant correlations were obtained between observers' data and independent global ratings provided by the activity specialist preparing the child. Behavioral distress during preparation predicted both distress during the bone marrow procedure and distress during early hospitalization. High approach during preparation was related to low distress during the aspiration procedure as well as during early hospitalization.
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Hubert et al. (1988) studied this question.
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