a N D D aV i D a .c l a G u e emergence of a submarine volcano near Nukualofa, tonga, March 18, 2009.The eruption column displays two very characteristic features for shallow-submarine eruptions, base surges (light colored) that spread out horizontally at the base and "cocks' tail" tephra jets that emerge from the center of the column.
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Staudigel et al. (2010) studied this question.