Key result
Adult chickens, quails, and pigeons have dramatically different susceptibilities to ALV-A, with persistent viremia occurring in 80% of infected chickens, transient viremia in 17% of quails, and no viremia in pigeons.
Adult chickens, quails, and pigeons exhibit dramatically different susceptibilities to ALV-A infection, with chickens being highly susceptible and pigeons resistant.
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May indicate broader ALV-A host range in adults; hypothesis-generating for poultry biosecurity and surveillance.
Subgroup A of the avian leukosis virus (ALV-A) can cause severe pathological lesions and death in infected chickens, and its reported hosts have increased recently. To assess the susceptibility of adult chickens, quails, and pigeons to ALV-A, three sets of 250-day-old birds were intraperitoneally inoculated with ALV-A. Viremia and cloacal virus shedding were dynamically detected using an immunofluorescence assay (IFA), ALV-P27 antigen ELISA or RT-PCR; pathological lesions were assessed using tissue sections; ALV-A in tissues was detected by IFA; and ALV-A antibody responses were detected using antibody ELISA kits and an immune diffusion test. The results indicated that persistent viremia occurred in 80% (8/10) of infected chickens, and transient viremia occurred in 17% (2/12) of infected quails, but no viremia occurred in infected pigeons. Cloacal virus shedding occurred intermittently in 80% (8/10) of infected chickens and in 8% (1/12) of infected quails but did not occur in infected pigeons. Severe inflammatory pathological lesions occurred in the visceral tissues of most infected chickens, and mild lesions occurred in a few of the infected quails, but no pathological lesions occurred in the infected pigeons. The ALV-A virus was detected in the visceral tissues of most infected chickens but not in the infected quails and pigeons. Obviously different ALV-A antibody responses occurred in the infected chickens, quails and pigeons. It can be concluded that adult chickens, quails and pigeons have dramatically different susceptibilities to ALV-A. This is the first report on artificial infection by ALV-A in different birds.
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Zhang et al. (2019) studied Avian leukosis virus subgroup A (ALV-A) infection (n=50). ALV-A-SDAU09C1 strain vs. PBS was evaluated on Persistent viremia. Adult chickens, quails, and pigeons have dramatically different susceptibilities to ALV-A, with persistent viremia occurring in 80% of infected chickens, transient viremia in 17% of quails, and no viremia in pigeons.
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