The polymer-filler interaction of silica- and clay-filled XNBR vulcanizates has been analyzed. The presence of carboxyl groups in the polymer chain gives better polymer-filler interaction, and no coupling agent is essential. Properties of silica-filled XNBR vulcanizates containing different carboxyl contents in the polymer chain have also been studied. SEM studies of fracture surfaces have been made to understand the failure behavior of gum and filled vulcanizates.
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Chakraborty et al. (1982) studied this question.
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