Localising the UN cluster approach: the Philippines as a case study

The cluster approach is a coordination mechanism implemented by the United Nations (UN) in 2005 to improve the effectiveness of humanitarian responses during and after disasters. To date, more than 36 countries have used the UN cluster system. Yet, studies investigating the efficacy of this coordination mechanism at a national level are limited. Research adopting a long-term approach to the cluster by exploring whether this system provides an effective coordination system is almost non-existent. Focusing on the Philippines, one of the first countries worldwide to have adapted the cluster system, this paper analyses the application of the cluster during different major disasters. The paper examines how, since 2007, the Philippines modified the cluster system to make it suitable for the national context and highlights positive and negative outcomes as well as remaining challenges. The paper concludes that a one-size-fits-all approach to the cluster system cannot be effective but should be adapted to the local conditions of the country. This is critical so the cluster system can fit with existing structures and frameworks at national level, creates more ownership from national and local agencies, improves coordination with international humanitarian agencies, and ultimately increases the effectiveness of disaster management.