Thromboelastographic results and hypercoagulability in dogs with surgically treated hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma: A Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology prospective study

Background The most common haemostatic abnormality in dogs with cancer is hypercoagulability. A transient hypercoagulability has been documented in people with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that resolves within weeks following hepatic tumour resection. Objective The objective was to compare the haemostatic status of dogs with liver tumours and healthy control dogs, by comparing coagulation and thromboelastography (TEG) measurements at three time points. Methods Liver tumour and healthy control dogs receiving surgery for liver lobectomy and ovariohysterectomy, respectively, were prospectively enrolled. All dogs had blood collected at three time points: pre‐operative, 24 h post‐operative and ~2 weeks post‐operative. Haematological and haemostatic values were compared across time points in each group using repeated measures ANOVA tests. Results Ten and eight dogs were enrolled for the liver and control groups, respectively. Platelet count was significantly higher in the liver group than the control group at all time points, but within the normal range (pre‐operative: 438.7 vs. 300.9 × 109/L, p = .0078; 24 h post‐operative: 416.2 vs. 283.9 × 109/L, p = .0123; 10–14 days post‐operative: 524.6 vs. 317.3 × 109/L, p = .0072). The measure of the overall coagulant state (G‐value) was significantly increased for the liver group compared to the control group at all time points (pre‐operative: 15.6 vs. 8.6 d/sc, p = .0003; 24 h post‐operative: 18.3 vs. 11.2 d/sc, p = .039; 10–14 days post‐operative: 15.1 vs. 9.6 d/sc, p = .015). Conclusion The liver group was hypercoagulable based on elevated G‐values at all time points compared to the control group. This hypercoagulability was attributed to the effect of hepatic tumours alone, and not secondary to surgery and anaesthesia.