The mammalian liver contains numerous polyploid hepatocytes, and polyploidization is significantly enhanced during aging.1 In some tissues, such as bone marrow, diploid stem cells constitutively proliferate for tissue renewal and regeneration, whereas polyploidization leads to cell cycle arrest and differentiation enhancing cellular functions.2 In contrast, notably, polyploid hepatocytes are an important source of liver regeneration under the stress conditions.3 Polyploidy in hepatocytes has also been hypothesized to contribute to enhancing metabolic functions, and could influence functional properties of the liver.
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Matsumoto et al. (2020) studied this question.
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