Group Violence and Group Vengeance: Toward a Retributivist Theory of International Criminal Law

Introduction 274 I. A Relational Theory of Retributive Justice 277 A. The Relational Structure of Retributive Justice 279 B. Retributivism and Consequentialism 283 C. Relational and Non-Relational Retributivisms..287 II. The Social Embodiment of Retributive Justice.......290 A. From Group Conflict to State Sovereignty .......291 B. From State Failure to International Intervention 294 III. A Retributivist Theory of Crimes against Humanity 297 A. Crimes against Humanity: Analysis 299 B. Chander, Luban, and May on Group Violence...304 IV. An Expressivist Theory of Discriminatory Intent...308 A. The Concept of Expressive Harm 311 B. The Expressive Harm of Group Subordination 315 C. Amann’s “Expressivist” Account 318 V. A Political Theory of Jurisdiction 320 A. Universal Jurisdiction 321 B. Passive and Active Jurisdiction 323 C.