A grinding-induced catalyst- and solvent-free domino multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines has been developed using aldehydes, amines, DEAD (diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate), and malononitrile/ethyl cyanoacetate. The synthesized 1,4-dihydropyridines were efficiently converted into novel tacrine analogs 7a–7e using micelle-promoted microwave irradiation.
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Kumar et al. (2011) studied this question.
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