Hypocellular myelodysplastic syndromes (h-MDS): from clinical description to immunological characterization in the Italian multi-center experience

Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) are a highly heterogeneous group of blood neoplasias characterized by myeloid dysplasia, ineffective hematopoiesis and increased risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia [ 1 ]. We focused on hypocellular-MDS (h-MDS), a rare subtype accounting for 10–15% of MDS patients, that is defined by an age-adjusted reduction of bone marrow (BM) cellularity or, according to Aplastic Anemia definition, by a BM cellularity <30% [ 2 ].