Analysis of Time and Frequency Error of Synchronization Signals in Digital Transmission Systems

The aim of this study is to generalize approaches to analyzing the error of phase fluctuations of the synchronization signal in information transmission systems. The objective is to refine the methodological framework for calculating time and frequency error. The research methods include comparative analysis combined with an analysis of domestic standards and international recommendations related to measuring synchronization signal inaccuracy due to the influence of interference and noise in digital communication channels. The work presents the main calculation rela-tionships for the inaccuracy indicators of reference generator signals. Examples illustrate the procedure for their calculation and analysis, as well as the process for determining compliance with standards. The presented parameters of frequency error include Allan deviation, modified Allan deviation, time deviation, root mean square (RMS) of time interval error, maximum time interval error, and the frequency error parameter: relative frequency deviation over a period longer than 7 days for synchronization signals at the outputs of primary reference generators. Findings state that the assessment of compliance with frequency stability standards of the synchronization signal is performed for four types of frequency offset of the input reference signal from the nominal frequency: free-running mode, minimum static tracking range, dynamic tracking range, and capture range of the slave devices.