Plastic flow, microstructure evolution, and defect formation during primary hot working of titanium and titanium aluminide alloys with lamellar colony microstructures

Plastic flow response, microstructure evolution, and defect formation during the primary hot working of conventional alpha/beta titanium alloys and gamma titanium aluminide alloys with two–phase lamellar colony microstructures are reviewed. The effects of initial grain/colony size, deformation rate and temperature on constitutive behaviour and the mechanisms associated with the observed flow softening are discussed. The kinetics of dynamic globularization are summarized and interpreted in terms of measured constitutive response. In addition, the mechanisms underlying failure via shear localization and cavitation during breakdown metalworking operations are described.