A penetration height of a circular underexpanded transverse jet into a uniform transonic flow is formulated. It is an extension of Spaid's jet penetration height in supersonic flow and is based on a momentum balance in the expanding and bending jet. The newly defined penetration height is used to correlate pressure data from several experiments with different test conditions. The effects of an axisymmetrical jet emission from a cylindrical body on its aerodynamic characteristics is approximated by the addition to the cylinder of an equivalent flare.
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Manela et al. (1986) studied this question.
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