Various suspended particles, zooplankton biomass, and freshly defecated fecal pellets were examined as possible sources for CH4 production in oxygenated seawater. The results attest to the presence of methanogenic bacteria in particles and suggest that they originate from the digestive tracts of zooplankton and survive in fecal pellets. These methanogenic bacteria are able to produce CH4 through use of competitive and noncompetitive substrates.
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A 1993 study studied this question.