Chemical components and their locations in the Verticillium fungicola cell wall

The chemical structure of cell walls and fractions of Verticillium fungicola, a pathogen of Agaricus bisporus, as well as their corresponding ultrastructures were studied. There are at least three chemically distinct types of carbohydrate polymers: one yielding mannose with lower amounts of galactose and glucose (glucogalactomannan), another one composed mainly of glucose (glucan), and a third one containing only N-acetylglucosamine (chitin). Attempts were made to locate these materials in situ by comparing electron micrographs of shadowed and sectioned cell walls, and also by indirect immunofluorescence. It was shown that none of these polymers constituted a completely physically distinct layer, but there seem to be different solubility properties in the outer, inner, and intermediate layers. It was also shown that fibrillar material (chitin) embedded in cementing glucan constituted the residual inner fraction of the original wall material. Indirect immunofluorescence showed the location of a significant amount of glucogalactomannan on the surface of the walls in which rodlet structures were visualized by electron microscopy.