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(i) state the traditional ontological argument without the implied premise; (2) state the traditional criticisms, showing how they miss the mark; (3) restate the ontological argument with the implied premise made clear; (4) offer a defence of the implied premise; (5) show how the ontological argument is still invalidated by another criticism; (6) argue that the only way to avoid this other criticism is to borrow another premise from the cosmological argument, and (7) that when these premises are borrowed the result is a valid form of the cosmological argument for the existence of a necessary being.
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Norman L. Geisler (1978) studied this question.
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