Acid‐ and alkali‐catalyzed tannin‐based rigid foams

Acid‐ and alkali‐catalyzed polyflavonoid tannin‐based rigid foams were prepared. These foams have comparable physical and mechanical properties to the synthetic phenolic rigid foam used as a comparative standard. The fluid polymer phase was based on a mimosa tannin‐formaldehyde resin with a minor addition of a fortifier resin. Expansion of the fluid phase was brought about by a physical blowing agent, whereas dimensional stabilization was achieved through cross‐linking at the desired density. In the case of the acid‐catalyzed foam, a heat‐generating agent in the form of furfuryl alcohol was employed. The polymer composition of tannin–formaldehyde/urea–formaldehyde systems as a function of pH was predicted from the respective gel times and rate constants, i.e., above pH 7, the copolymer proportion will tend to 100% and, that at pH 3.4, the polymer blend proportion will tend to a maximum.