Permanent tracheostomies were performed on six dogs which were evaluated clinically and histologically. One dog had abnormal tracheal cartilages and died following tracheal collapse three days postoperatively. Problems with coughing, swallowing, and infection were not noted in the remaining five dogs. The exposed tracheal epithelium temporarily underwent squamous metaplasia but returned to a relatively normal appearance within 16 weeks.
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Hedlund et al. (1982) studied this question.
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