Gastric Cancer Screening in Low-Income Countries: System Design, Fabrication, and Analysis for an Ultralow-Cost Endoscopy Procedure

Gastric adenocarcinoma is the fifth most common malignancy in the world and the third leading cause of cancer death in both women and men. In 2012, its estimated global incidence was 952,000 new cases with an estimated 723,000 deaths worldwide. It is projected to rise from 14th to eighth in all-cause mortality in the near term, primarily due to the growing and aging populations in high-incidence areas, such as Latin America and eastern Asia. Unlike any other major cancer, gastric cancer demonstrates marked geographic variability in regions and within countries, with more than 70% of incident cases concentrated in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs).