Two cement pastes commonly used in concrete formulations were characterized by XPS before and after coating with an epoxy resin and a hardener. The XPS allowed the surface chemistry change induced by the organic coating to be monitored. In particular, the C 1s spectra were peak fitted in order to deduce the contribution of the organic materials to the total carbon content on the surface. Inspection of the N 1s peak at the cement/hardener interface indicates a certain degree of donor–acceptor interaction, where the aminated hardener plays the role of the Lewis base (donor) and the cement acts as the Lewis acid. A relationship has been established between the dispersive contribution to the surface free energy (γ S d ) of the cement pastes and the surface chemical composition. A substantial decrease in the surface energy (from 65 to ∼30 mJ m −2 ) of the materials has been observed for a higher surface content in organic materials or, alternatively, for a more homogeneous organic coating even at a lower mass loading of the resin or hardener.
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Neves et al. (2002) studied this question.
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