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lipo in Yunnan, China; Panjshir, Afghanistan; and Gandao, Pakistan.In this article, we refer to "vanadian emeralds" as those that contain more vanadium than chromium, even when the vanadium content is somewhat low.The mechanisms of beryl coloration by Cr and V are very similar (Burns, 1993;Schwarz and Schmetzer, 2002); in 1988, after many years of controversy, vanadium joined chromium as an accepted coloring agent for emerald (CIBJO, 1988).
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Rondeau et al. (2008) studied this question.
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