Changes in the Distribution of Agaricomycetes: The Case of Boletaceae Species under the Influence of Global Climate Warming

The results of an analysis of the trend of change in the areas of ectomycorrhizal fungi of the family Boletaceae—Caloboletus radicans, Suillellus luridus, and Rubroboletus satanas—are presented. Using the example of Caloboletus radicans, a model of the potential distribution of the species within the area is obtained using the MaxEnt program. The analysis uses the geographical coordinates of 281 finds of the species and bioclimatic data borrowed from the WorldClim2 database. Six bioclimatic parameters that contributed the most to the model are the most significant (94.8%): average annual temperature, precipitation in the driest quarter of the year, average annual precipitation, average temperature in the warmest quarter, average daily temperature amplitude, and annual temperature amplitude temperatures. The interpretation of these parameters is generally consistent with the actual habitat conditions of the species. C. radicans demonstrates the highest probability of occurrence in areas characterized by a moderately warm climate, with an average annual temperature ranging from 4 to 14°C, and a rainfall of more than 100 mm in the driest quarter. The model distribution area shows the fragmented nature of the most climatically optimal areas, which are primarily located in lowlands and foothills with the presence of broad-leaved forests containing mycorrhizal tree species typical of the species. C. radicans is less frequently observed beyond the ecological optimum, but its ability to adapt to other soil and hydrothermal conditions and enter into a symbiotic relationship with an uncharacteristic partner is revealed.