Sex Differences in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension. Treatment Options over Time in a National Referral Center

Figures

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  Figure 1. A comparison of angiographic CT images and surgical pieces of pulmonary endarterectomy. In panel (A) there is an image of proximal thromboembolic disease in the right pulmonary artery (red thick arrow), more frequent among men. In panels (B,C) some images of distal thromboembolic disease are pointed out (red thin arrows), a disease distribution more frequent in women. Panels (D–F) show pieces of PEA classified as level I, II, and III after surgery, respectively.

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  Figure 2. Flow chart of included patients. CTEPH (chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension), PEA (pulmonary endarterectomy), BPA (balloon pulmonary angioplasty).

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  Figure 3. Treatment options over time (2007–2013, n = 118; 2014–2019, n = 335) by sex (relative frequencies). Procedures by age and sex for the entire patient follow-up period (absolute frequencies).

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  Figure 4. The distribution of relevant baseline characteristics in women and men. In the left panel, two peaks of a younger age can be seen for men. In the central panel, there is a homogeneous and higher distribution of the walked distance for men. In the right panel, there is also a more homogeneous and lower distribution of the PVR for men in comparison with a more heterogeneous and higher distribution of PVR among women. 6MWT (six-minute walking test), PVR (pulmonary vascular resistance), WU (Wood Units).

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  Figure 5. Crude Kaplan-Meier survival curves by sex.