Multimodal X-ray Detection Enabled by Ion–Electronic Dynamics in Hybrid Perovskites

X-ray dosimetry and imaging have been utilized in a wide range of applications. However, the complex components of detection, memory, and computing units of commercial detection systems inevitably make it structurally complex and energy consuming. Here, a multimodal two-terminal perovskite device is demonstrated that can measure real-time dose rate and record the accumulated dose of X-ray pulse signals concurrently by decoupling volatile electronic and non-volatile ionic variables of the conductance (G). The device delivers an X-ray sensitivity of 1159 μC Gy–1 cm–2, a limit of detection (LoD) of 27.9 nGy s–1, a limit of memory (LoM) of 0.32 μGy s–1, as well as multiple non-volatile storage states of around 40 nS. As a proof-of-concept, a perovskite crossbar array integrates the functions of sensitive X-ray detection, multi-state data memorization, as well as image pre-processing, offering a promising platform toward intelligent, robust, and lightweight radiation imaging systems.