Commercially available fitness activity trackers are emerging as an alternative, cost-effective measure of sleep. Unlike other such devices, the Jawbone UP3 (JB3) purports the ability to quantify light, deep, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. REM sleep detection is a particularly important component in the assessment of patients with suspected central disorders of hypersomnolence. Thus, this investigation evaluated the abilities of the JB3 to quantify sleep relative to polysomnography (PSG) in clinical patients with reported hypersomnolence. Seventeen patients undergoing ad libitum in-laboratory overnight PSG as part of a PSG and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) protocol wore the JB3 on their non-dominant wrist during overnight evaluation. Bland-Altman analysis was utilized to compare total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), REM latency (REML), and total REM sleep time (TRT). Additionally, JB3 light sleep (LS) and deep sleep (DS) were compared to PSG N1 plus N2 and N3 sleep, respectively. Compared to PSG, the JB3 significantly overestimated TST (mean difference = 20.5 minutes; p-value = .03) and SE (mean difference = 3.7%; p-value = .01). Although no other comparison reached statistical significance (p <0.05), the JB3 overestimated REML (mean difference = 10.7 minutes), TRT (mean difference = 2.5 minutes), LS (mean difference = 2.4 minutes), and DS (mean difference = 15 minutes), while underestimating SOL (mean difference = -4.6 minutes) and WASO (mean difference = -44.5 minutes) relative to PSG. The JB3 inaccurately estimated sleep duration and efficiency relative to PSG. Further investigation to determine JB3 specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for sleep staging, as well as the evaluation of the JB3 to measure sleep during naps, is warranted. This research was supported by a grant from the American Sleep Medicine Foundation.
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Cook et al. (2017) studied this question.