Hollow ducts compressing and homogenizing the emission of laser diode arrays are cheap, low weight alternatives to lens ducts. An analytic model is presented describing hollow ducts including internal reflection losses, which is useful in optimizing these devices, especially in determining the optimum length for maximum transmission efficiency. As an example, a gold coated duct is presented showing high transmission efficiencies of >90% comparable to lens ducts.
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Marc Eichhorn (2008) studied this question.
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