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Charles J. Amlaner, Jr., James L. Hayward, Jr., Ernest R. Schwab, III, John F. Stout, Increases in a Population of Nesting Glaucous-Winged Gulls Disturbed by Humans, The Murrelet, Vol. 58, No. 1 (Spring, 1977), pp. 18-20
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Amlaner et al. (1977) studied this question.
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