The lichen flora of freshwater habitats in the Italian Alps is reviewed: 20 genera and 43 species are known, of which crustose lichens with sexual reproduction prevail. Freshwater lichen richness is highest near the treeline on siliceous substrata in exposed and well-lit sites. The importance of several ecological factors on freshwater lichen distribution and ecology is discussed.
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Nascimbene et al. (2006) studied this question.