Pollen morphology and floral resources associated with Phaethornis superciliosus in Carajás, Amazonia

Hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae) are important pollinators that play a key role in maintaining floral diversity. The Amazon rainforest provides a unique setting for investigating plant–pollinator interactions. The aim of this study was to characterize the pollen grains associated with Phaethornis superciliosus in the Carajás National Forest and identify the plant species represented by these pollen grains. Pollen samples from five individuals were collected and analyzed using the acetolysis method, allowing the identification of eight plant species from six genera and six families, with Passiflora being the most represented genus. The identified pollen types exhibited distinct morphological characteristics that enabled their association with the corresponding plant species. The identified plants included species with floral traits commonly associated with hummingbird visitation, as well as species lacking typical ornithophilous characteristics. These findings expand the knowledge of the floral resources associated with P. superciliosus in Carajás and highlight the value of pollen analysis for documenting plant–hummingbird associations in tropical forests.