Comparison of Pre-COVID-19, COVID-19, and Post-COVID-19 Urinalysis Parameters and Assessment of Their Relationships with Renal Functions

Objective: This study compared the pre-COVID-19, COVID-19, and post-COVID-19 periods of the patients in terms of urinalysis parameters and assessed the relationships between the changes in these parameters and renal functions.Materials and Methods: Four-hundred-eighty-two moderate and severe COVID-19 patients who had the data of urinalysis performed in the pre-COVID-19 period at most three months before the onset of COVID-19 diagnosis, during COVID-19 disease, and 15 days after they completely recovered from the COVID-19 disease were included in the study.Parameters of bilirubin, erythrocyte, leukocyte, protein, glucose, acidity (pH), and density were analyzed in urine samples, and the results were recorded.Results: CRP, e-GFR, fibrinogen and D-dimer values were found to be significantly different between the three groups (for all parameters p<0.05).A negative correlation was found between e-GFR and both CRP (p<0.001,r:-0.289) and D-dimer (p:0.02,r:-0.129)values of the patients during COVID-19.Urine pH, presence of leukocyturia, presence of microscopic hematuria and presence of proteinuria were found to be significantly different between the three groups (for all parameters p<0.05).It was determined that these four parameters increased significantly during the COVID-19 period and decreased in the post-COVID-19 period.A negative correlation between urine density and e-GFR (p:0.04,r:-0.175) and a positive (p:0.02,r:0.195) correlation between urine density and CRP were detected during COVID-19.Conclusion: The significant presence of hematuria and proteinuria during COVID-19 disease in line with the literature data supports the opinion that the disease causes renal involvement.The tendency of the parameters on the post-COVID 15 th day to return to normal ranges shows that the effects of the inflammation are reversible after the patients recover from the disease.