Elucidation of hydrogen-induced (1×2) reconstructed structures on Pd(110) from 100 to 300 K by scanning tunneling microscopy

Hydrogen-induced structural changes on Pd(110) from 100 to 300 K have been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. Two kinds of (1×{}2) reconstructed surfaces are identified. A pairing-row (1×{}2) reconstruction is observed at low temperatures (200 K). During the phase transition from (1×{}2) to (2×{}1) above 200 K, a significant mass transport of surface Pd atoms is observed. At room temperature another (1×{}2) phase caused by missing- and/or added-row reconstructions appears under hydrogen pressure.