Emerging Axonal Variants of Guillain Barré Syndrome “ AMAN and AMSAN “ as a Part of COVID-19 Sequalae

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated peripheral nerve disease. Its frequency was noticed to have increased during the COVID-19 period. Based on electrophysiological studies, the most common type of this disease is the demyelinating type. However, axonal types have also been seen. Methods: A large, analytical, cross-sectional study involving 2523 patients over a one-year period was conducted in Basrah, southern Iraq, to evaluate the neurophysiological changes for peripheral neuropathies following COVID-19 infection using nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography. The current study aims to evaluate the prevalence, clinical, and neurophysiological characteristics of patients with axonal variants of GBS. Results and conclusions: The study found that the axonal variants of GBS represent about 10% of the total reported GBS in the governorate, and they are developed in about 1 in 1000 patients attending the neurology and neurophysiology clinics who had a history of COVID-19 infection