Assessing the stability of mummified remains: A diachronic CT-Scan study of internal changes and artefact mobility

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Mummified human remains represent a unique source of information for the study of ancient societies, yet their perceived stability is often misleading. Post-mortem and post-collection taphonomic processes may complicate their interpretation. In this study, diachronic CT-scan analysis was used to document internal changes in two South American mummies (a Colombian infant and a Peruvian child) curated at the Muséum de Toulouse. By comparing datasets from 2010-2013 and 2021 using 3D Slicer, Avizo, VGStudio Max 3.5 and ImageJ, we identified notable displacements of skeletal elements, desiccated soft tissues and artefacts in both individuals. These findings highlight the instability of internal structures post-excavation, complicating the interpretation of funerary rituals and health. Our observations stress the importance of diachronic imaging in mummy studies. CT-scans not only refine bioarchaeological interpretations but also support preventive conservation strategies. Mummies must be treated with respect and care, as dynamic and fragile remains.