Serum Concentrations of Angiopoietin-2 and Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 (sFlt-1) Are Associated with Coagulopathy among Patients with Acute Pancreatitis

Figure 1. Serum angiopoietin-2 and sFlt-1 concentrations on: admission (A,D); and on Day 2 of hospital stay (B,E), among acute pancreatitis (AP) patients with ISTH score for overt DIC below 5 (no DIC) and ≥5 points (DIC). Serum: angiopoietin-2 (C); and sFlt-1 (F) concentrations observed among 21 healthy controls are presented for comparison. Data are shown as median, interquartile range (box), non-outlier range (whiskers), and outliers (points). Abbreviations: sFlt-1, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1; DIC, diffuse intravascular coagulation; ISTH, International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

Figure 2. Numbers of patients with platelet counts (A,B); prothrombin times (C,D); and activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) (E,F) below (low), within (normal) and above (high) the reference intervals. Panels A, C and E show the results obtained at 24 h and Panels B, D and F at 48 h from the onset of AP symptoms. Numbers of patients with mild AP (MAP), moderately severe AP (MSAP) and severe AP (SAP) are represented by dark, medium and light boxes, respectively; p-values for the chi-squared tests are shown on the graphs.

Figure 3. Numbers of patients with fibrinogen concentrations below (low), within (normal) and above (high) the reference interval (A,B); with D-dimer concentrations below reference limit (<0.5 µg/mL), increased up to 10 times (0.5–5.0 µg/mL) and increased more than 10 times (> 5. 0 µg/mL) (C,D); and with ISTH score for overt DIC of 2, 3, and more than 3 points (E,F). Panels A, C and E show the results obtained at 24 h and Panels B, D and F at 48 h from the onset of AP symptoms. Numbers of patients with MAP, MSAP and SAP are represented by dark, medium and light boxes, respectively; p-values for the chi-squared tests are shown on the graphs.

Figure 4. ROC curves for: angiopoietin-2 (A); ISTH score for overt DIC (B); and D-dimer (C) assessed on admission (within 24 h from the onset of AP symptoms) showing diagnostic utility to predict SAP. The selected cut-off values are shown on the graphs. The diagonal dashed lines are the lines of no-discrimination.