Neurologic complications associated with internal jugular vein cannulation in critically ill patients

Background The public health response to the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) pandemic has had a detrimental impact on employment and there are concerns the impact may be greatest amongst the most vulnerable. We examined the characteristics of those who experienced changes in employment status during the early months of the pandemic. Methods Data was collected from a cross-sectional, nationally representative household survey of the working age population (18-64 years) in Wales in June 2020 (N=1,379). We looked at changes in employment and being placed on furlough since February 2020 across demographics, contract type, job skill level, health status and household factors. Chi-squared or Fisher’s tests and logistic regression models examined associations between demographics, subgroups and employment outcomes. Results Of our respondents 91.0% remained in the same job in May/June 2020 as they were in February 2020, 5.7% were now in a new job, and 3.3% experienced unemployment. In addition, 26% of our respondents reported being placed on furlough. Non-permanent contract types was a significant factor in those experiencing unemployment, as were individuals who reported low mental wellbeing and household financial difficulties. Being placed on ‘furlough’ was more likely in younger (18-29 years) and older (60-64 years) workers, those in lower skilled jobs and from households with less financial security. Conclusion A number of vulnerable population groups were observed to experience detrimental employment outcomes during the initial stage of the Covid-19 pandemic. Targeted support is needed to mitigate against both the direct impacts on employment, and indirect impacts on financial insecurity and health. What is already known on this subject? The response to the current global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is already having a significant impact on people’s ability to work and employment status. Emerging UK employment data has raised concerns about the disproportionate impact on specific demographic groups. What this study adds? People who were on non-permanent contract arrangements were up to 11 times more likely to experience unemployment in the early months of the Covid-19 pandemic than those on permanent contracts. Groups that reported higher proportions of being placed on furlough included younger (18-29 years) and older (50-64 years) workers, people from more deprived areas, in lower skilled jobs, and those from households with less financial security. Interventions to support economic recovery including the promotion of secure employment and the need to target the groups identified as most susceptible to the emerging harms of the pandemic and ensure that health and wealth inequalities are not exacerbated by Covid-19 or the economic response to the pandemic.