Key result
Older age is linked to ~3.5-fold higher odds of IHD or stroke in Malawi.
Why the study?
The prevalence and associated factors of self-reported ischaemic heart disease and/or stroke among adults in Malawi were not well characterized.
Cross-Sectional (n=4,187)
In a nationally representative sample of adults in Malawi, the prevalence of self-reported IHD and/or stroke was 6.5%, highlighting a significant burden of cardiovascular disease in this population.
Signals notable CVD burden in Malawi; cross-sectional data leaves open need for longitudinal studies before guiding interventions.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of self-reported ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and/or stroke among adults in Malawi. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING: Nationally representative sample of general adult population in Malawi. PARTICIPANTS: The sample included 4187 persons aged 18-69 years (32 years of median age) that participated in the '2017 Malawi STEPwise Approach to Non-Communicable Disease Risk-Factor Surveillance survey.' PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported history of IHD and/or stroke, along with biological, behavioural, psychosocial stress and sociodemographic covariates. Multivariable logistic regression calculated OR with 95% CI for IHD and/or stroke. RESULTS: The prevalence of IHD and/or stroke was 6.5%, 4.4% among men and 8.4% among women. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, older age (50-69 years) (adjusted OR (AOR) 3.49, 95% CI 1.75 to 6.94), female sex (AOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.45 to 3.01), Chewa speaking (AOR 4.62, 95% CI 1.32 to 16.22), English speaking (AOR 5.63, 95% CI 1.43 to 22.19), suicidal ideation, plan and/or attempt (AOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.11 to 3.13) and sedentary behaviour (AOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.12 to 3.59) were associated with IHD and/or stroke. In addition, in unadjusted analysis, non-paid or unemployed, urban residence, overweight, obesity and having hypertension were associated with IHD and/or stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Almost 1 in 10 women and 1 in 20 men aged 18-69 years had IHD and/or stroke in Malawi. Several risk and protective factors were found that can be targeted in population health interventions.
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Pengpid et al. (2021) conducted a cross-sectional in Ischaemic heart disease and/or stroke (n=4,187). Older age (50-69 years) vs. Younger age (18-29 years) was evaluated on Self-reported history of ischaemic heart disease and/or stroke (AOR 3.49, 95% CI 1.75 to 6.94, p=<0.001). Among adults in Malawi, the overall prevalence of self-reported ischaemic heart disease and/or stroke was 6.5%, with older age (50-69 years) significantly associated with higher odds of the condition (AOR 3.49).
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