Patients attending the department of periodontics were enrolled for the survey after obtaining informed consent. The survey included patients with gingival pigmentation and excluded patients diagnosed with periodontitis or any gingival disease that could cause changes in the color of the gingiva. The Institutional Ethics introduction A smile is harmony between pink and white esthetics. Gingiva is the pink esthetic portion of the oral cavity. Its health and appearance are components of an attractive smile. 1 The color of healthy gingiva varies from pale pink to deep bluish-purple with melanin pigmentation. A high degree of gingival pigmentation is not a disease entity, but it causes psychosocial issues, which can lead to low self-esteem in individuals with gummy smiles.
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Varma et al. (2023) studied this question.
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