Key result
A 25-year-old male developed acute toxic leukoencephalopathy, confirmed by diffusion-weighted MRI, following continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil for colon adenocarcinoma.
Case Report (n=1)
No
MRI is an essential tool for the early detection and diagnosis of rare 5-fluorouracil-induced acute toxic leukoencephalopathy.
Clinicians should consider MRI for acute encephalopathy during 5-FU infusion; case reports leave open incidence and risk factors.
This case report discusses a rare occurrence of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced encephalopathy, an adverse effect of this commonly used antimetabolite and antineoplastic agent. While 5-FU is primarily associated with systemic side effects such as gastrointestinal issues and neutropenia, its cerebral involvement is infrequently documented. Diagnostic imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are essential for diagnosing and monitoring this condition. Early recognition and treatment are crucial for a favorable prognosis. We present a case of 5-FU-induced encephalopathy, which was successfully diagnosed based on clinical and MRI findings.
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Naveed et al. (2025) conducted a case report in 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Acute Toxic Leukoencephalopathy (n=1). 5-fluorouracil was evaluated on Development of acute toxic leukoencephalopathy. A 25-year-old male developed acute toxic leukoencephalopathy, confirmed by diffusion-weighted MRI, following continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil for colon adenocarcinoma.
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