Anti-inflammatory Activity of Compounds from the Aerial Part of Perilla frutescens var. acuta (Thunb.) Kudo

A new depside glucoside, perilloside F (1), together with fifteen known compounds (2–16), was isolated from the aerial parts of Perilla frutescens var. acuta (Thunb.) Kudo (Labiatae). The chemical structures of all compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution electrospray ionization spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), as well as by comparison with previously published data. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity by assessing their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Six compounds (3, 5, 8, 9, 11, and 13) exhibited significant inhibition of NO production, with IC50 values of 65.72, 15.35, 17.31, 10.55, 12.31, and 39.01 μM, respectively. Among them, compound 9 demonstrated the strongest inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 10.55 μM. Importantly, none of the active compounds exhibited cytotoxicity at concentrations below 50 μM.